脑认知与类脑智能全国重点实验室依托中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心，通过整合中国科学院自动化研究所、中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院等的优势力量，在原神经科学国家重点实验室基础上重组建立，于2025年1月获科技部批准纳入全国重点实验室序列。
实验室聚焦大脑智能的神经生物学原理，发展神经记录和调控、脑机接口新技术，探索概念形成、推理泛化、灵活决策神经机制，提出大脑智能新理论，创建脑认知原理启发的类脑智能和脑机融合新系统，建成脑认知与类脑智能领域的学术高地和思想策源地。

The State Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology is affiliated with the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was reorganized and established on the basis of the former State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, by integrating the strengths of the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In January 2025, it was approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology to be included in the sequence of State Key Laboratories.

The laboratory focuses on the neurobiological principles underlying brain intelligence, develops new technologies for neural recording and modulation as well as brain-computer interfaces, explores the neural mechanisms of concept formation, reasoning and generalization, and flexible decision-making, proposes novel theories of brain intelligence, and creates new brain-inspired intelligence and brain-computer integration systems guided by principles of brain cognition. It aims to build itself into an academic highland and think tank in the fields of brain cognition and brain-inspired intelligence.